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Eclipse Java IDE This tutorial describes the usage of Eclipse as a Java IDE. It describes the installation of Eclipse, the creation of Java programs and tips for.
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Eclipse Java IDE This tutorial describes the usage of Eclipse as a Java IDE. It describes the installation of Eclipse, the creation of Java programs and tips for using Eclipse. This tutorial is based on Eclipse 4.4 (Luna). 4.1. The Eclipse IDE for Java development 4.2. The Eclipse IDE distributions from the Eclipse Packaging Project (EPP) 4.3. Developer and milestone downloads 5. Java requirements of the Eclipse IDE 6. Download the Eclipse IDE for Java Developers 7. Installation the Eclipse IDE Eclipse is an open source community. The Eclipse open source community consists of more than 150 projects covering different aspects of software development. Eclipse projects cover lots of different areas, e.g., as a development environment for Java or Android applications. But the Eclipse project also provides very successful runtime components, like the popular Jetty webserver and the Hudson build server. The roots of Eclipse go back to 2001. The initial code base was provided by IBM. In November 2001, a consortium was formed to support the development of Eclipse as open source software. This consortium was controlled by IBM. In 2004 it became the Eclipse Foundation, which is a vendor neutral foundation where no single company has control of the direction. The Eclipse name at this time was viewed by many as declaration of war against Sun Microsystems, the company responsible for developing the Java programming language. IBM stated that the name was targeting at "Eclipsing" Microsoft. See Eclipse: Behind the Name for details. With the purchase of Sun Microsystems by Oracle this conflict finally went away. Oracle is currently among the 5 largest contributor companies of the Eclipse project. The Eclipse open source project has a simultaneous release every year. Eclipse projects can choose to join this release but must fulfill the requirements described in the Release requirements wiki . This simultaneous release includes new versions of the Eclipse IDE distributions. Before 2012 Eclipse was released in version 3.x, e.g. Eclipse 3.6, Eclipse 3.7. These releases and the corresponding API are referred to as Eclipse 3.x. As of 2012 the main Eclipse release carried the major version number 4, e.g., Eclipse 4.2 in the year 2012, Eclipse 4.3 in 2013, Eclipse 4.4. in 2014 and Eclipse 4.5 in 2015. The following graphic depicts the number of projects and lines of code (measured in millions) joining this release over the years. The Eclipse projects are governed by the Eclipse Foundation. The Eclipse Foundation is a non-profit, member supported corporation that hosts the Eclipse Open Source projects and helps to cultivate both its open source community and its ecosystem of complementary products and services. The Eclipse Foundation does not work on the Eclipse code base, i.e., it does not have employee developers working on Eclipse. The mission of the Eclipse Foundation is to enable the development by providing the infrastructure (Git, Gerrit, Hudson build server, the download sites, etc.) and a structured process. There is also an Eclipse Foundation Europe based in Germany. See Eclipse Foundation Europe FAQ for details. The Eclipse Public License (EPL) is an open source software license used by the Eclipse Foundation for its software. The EPL is designed to be business-friendly. EPL licensed programs can be used, modified, copied and distributed free of charge. The consumer of EPL-licensed software can choose to use this software in closed source programs. Only modifications in the original EPL code must also be released as EPL code. This can for example be done by filling a bug report at the public Eclipse bug tracker and by uploading a Gerrit change. The Eclipse Foundation validates that source code contributed to Eclipse projects is free of intellectual property (IP) issues. This process is known as IP cleansing. Contributions with more than 1000 lines of code require the creation of a Contribution Questionnaire, and a review and approval by the IP team. The permissive EPL and the IP cleansing effort of the Eclipse Foundation makes reusing the source code of Eclipse projects attractive to companies. Most people know Eclipse as an integrated development environment (IDE) for Java. In 2014 the Eclipse IDE is the leading development environment for Java with a market share of approximately 65 %. The Eclipse IDE can be extended with additional software components. Eclipse calls these software components plug-ins. Plug-in can be grouped into features. Several projects and companies have extended the Eclipse IDE or created stand-alone applications (Eclipse Rich Client Platform) on top of the Eclipse framework. The Eclipse IDE is also available as an IDE for other languages, ranging from C, C++ to Lua, Python, Perl and PHP. Several pre-packaged Eclipse distributions are available for download. These pre-packaged solutions are provided by an Eclipse project called the Eclipse Packaging Project (EPP). The Eclipse project has a simultaneous release every year at the end of June. In June 2015 the Eclipse 4.5 (Mars) version was released. The top-level Eclipse project creates regular builds of the next releases including JDT, PDT and the Eclipse platform projects. This is called the Eclipse SDK. You find Stable Builds which are tested by the community. These milestone (ending with M and a number) and release candidate (RC) builds are created based on a predefined time schedule. Integration (I) and Nightly (N) builds are test builds which are automatically created. They are not manually tested. In general, milestone and RC builds are relative stable compared to integration builds, but may not contain the latest features and patches. You find one of latest Eclipse SDK builds under the Eclipse project download page link. The packaged solutions are also available as developer release. You find them by clicking on the Developer Builds tab from the Eclipse download page . For extending the Eclipse IDE, you will need to run Eclipse with at least Java 7 JRE/JDK, as the Mars (Eclipse 4.5) release requires Java 7. As of Neon (Eclipse 4.6) Java 8 is required. The Eclipse IDE contains its custom Java compiler hence a JRE is sufficient for most tasks with Eclipse. The JDK version of Java is only required if you compile Java source code on the command line and for advanced development scenarios. For example, if you use automatic builds or if you develop Java web applications. Please note that you need a 64 JVM to run a 64 bit Eclipse and a 32 bit JVM to run a 32 bit Eclipse. The Eclipse IDE consists of several components. The Eclipse.org website provides pre-packaged Eclipse distributions to provide downloads for typical use cases. The Eclipse IDE for Java Developers distribution is specifically designed for standard Java development. It contains typical required packages, like the Maven build system or support for the Git version control system. Download the Eclipse IDE for Java Developers package from the following URL. Ensure that you download the correct version for your Java installation, e.g., 32 bit or 64 bit. See Section 7.2, “Solving exit code=13 while starting the Eclipse IDE” for details. The following screenshot shows the Eclipse download website for a Linux system. Press on the link beside the package description, for example Linux 64-Bit to start the download. The links which are displayed depend on your operating system. The download is a zip file, which is a compressed archive of multiple files. After you downloaded the file with the Eclipse distribution, unpack it to a local directory. Most operating systems can extract zip or tar.gz files in their file browser (e.g., Windows 7) with a right-click on the file and selecting "Extract all...". Extract Eclipse into a directory with no spaces in its path, and do not use mapped network drives. Also avoid to have path names longer than 255 characters. Installations of Eclipse in directories with long path names might cause problems, as some Microsoft Windows tooling can not manage these long path names. After you extracted the compressed file you can start Eclipse, no additional installation procedure is required. A common startup error happens when the user tries to launch a 64-bit version of Eclipse using a 32 bit JVM or vice versa. In this case Eclipse does not start and the user gets a message containing exit code=13. This happens when the version of Eclipse is not matching the JVM version. A 32-bit Eclipse must run with Java 32 bit, and 64-bit Eclipse must use a 64-bit JVM. Use java -version on the command line and if the output does not contain the word "Server" you are using the 32 bit version of Java and must use a 32 bit version of Eclipse. To start Eclipse, double-click the eclipse.exe (Microsoft Windows) or eclipse (Linux / Mac) file in the directory where you unpacked Eclipse. The Eclipse system prompts you for a workspace. The workspace is the location in your file system where Eclipse stores its preferences and other resources. For example your projects can be stored in the workspace. Select an empty directory and click the OK button. Eclipse starts and shows the Welcome page. Close this page by clicking the x beside Welcome. After closing the welcome screen, the application should look similar to the following screenshot. The appearance of Eclipse can be configured. By default, Eclipse ships with a few themes but you can also extend Eclipse with new themes. To change the appearance, select from the menu Window → Preferences → General → Appearance. The Theme selection allows you to change the appearance of your Eclipse IDE. For example you can switch to the Dark theme of Eclipse. An Eclipse project contains source, configuration and binary files related to a certain task and groups them into buildable and reusable units. An Eclipse project can have natures assigned to it which describe the purpose of this project. For example, the Java nature defines a project as Java project. Projects can have multiple natures combined to model different technical aspects. Natures for a project are defined via the .project file in the project directory. Projects in Eclipse cannot contain other projects. Parts are typically classified into views and editors. The distinction between views and editors is not based on technical differences, but on a different concept of using these parts. A view is typically used to work on a set of data, which might be a hierarchical structure. If data is changed via the view, this change is typically directly applied to the underlying data structure. A view sometimes allows the user to open an editor for the selected set of data. An example for a view in the Eclipse IDE is the Package Explorer, which allows you to browse the files of Eclipse projects. If you change data in the Package Explorer, e.g., if you rename a file, the file name is directly changed on the file system. Editors are typically used to modify a single data element, e.g., the content of a file or a data object. To apply the changes made in an editor to the data structure, the user has to explicitly save the editor content. For example, the Java editor is used to modify Java source files. Changes to the source file are applied once the user selects the Save button. A dirty editor tab is marked with an asterisk left to the name of the modified file. A perspective is an optional container for part stacks and part sash container as well as for a set of parts. Perspectives can be used to store different arrangements of parts. For example, the Eclipse IDE uses them to layout the views appropriate to the task (development, debugging, review, ...) the developer wants to perform. Open editors are typically shared between perspectives, i.e., if you have an editor open in the Java perspective for a certain class and switch to the Debug perspective, this editor stays open. You can switch Perspectives via the Window → Open Perspective → Other... menu entry. The main perspectives used for Java development are the Java perspective and the Debug perspective . You can change the layout and content within a perspective by opening or closing parts and by re-arranging them. To open a new part in your current perspective, use the Window → Show View → Other... menu entry. The following Show View dialog allows you to search for certain parts. If you want to reset your current perspective to its default, use the Window → Reset Perspective menu entry. You can save the currently selected perspective via Window → Save Perspective As.... The Window → Customize Perspective... menu entry allows you to adjust the selected perspective . For example, you can hide or show toolbar and menu entries. Eclipse provides different perspectives for different tasks. The available perspectives depend on your installation. For Java development you usually use the Java Perspective, but Eclipse has much more predefined perspectives, e.g., the Debug perspective. Eclipse allows you to switch to another perspective via the Window → Open Perspective → Other... menu entry. A common problem is that you changed the arrangement of views and editors in your perspective and you want to restore Eclipse to its original state. For example, you might have closed a view . You can reset a perspective to its original state via the Window → Reset Perspective menu entry. The default perspective for Java development can be opened via Window → Open Perspective → Java. On the left hand side, this perspective shows the Package Explorer view, which allows you to browse your projects and to select the components you want to open in an editor via a double-click. For example, to open a Java source file, open the tree under src, select the corresponding .java file and double-click it. This will open the file in the default Java editor. The following picture shows the Eclipse IDE in its standard Java perspective. The Package Explorer view is on the left. In the middle you see the open editors. Several editors are stacked in the same container and you can switch between them by clicking on the corresponding tab. Via drag and drop you can move an editor to a new position in the Eclipse IDE. To the right and below the editor area you find more views which were considered useful by the developer of the perspective. For example, the Javadoc view shows the Javadoc of the selected class or method. The Problems view shows errors and warning messages. Sooner or later you will run into problems with your code or your project setup. To view the problems in your project, you can use the Problems view which is part of the standard Java perspective. If this view is closed, you can open it via Window → Show View → Problems. The messages which are displayed in the Problems view can be configured via the drop-down menu of the view . For example, to display the problems from the currently selected project, select Configure Contents and set the Scope to On any element in the same project. The Problems view also allows you to trigger a Quick fix via a right mouse-click on several selected messages. See Section 18.2, “Quick Fix” for details on the Quick fix functionality. Create a Java class. Right-click on your package and select New → Class. Enter MyFirstClass as the class name and select the public static void main (String[] args) checkbox. Press the Finish button. This creates a new file and opens the Java editor. Change the class based on the following listing. package de.vogella.eclipse.ide.first; public class MyFirstClass { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello Eclipse !"); } } You could also directly create new packages via this dialog. If you enter a new package in this dialog, it is created automatically. Now run your code. Either right-click on your Java class in the Package Explorer or right-click in the Java class and select Run-as → Java application. Eclipse will run your Java program. You should see the output in the Console view . Congratulations! You created your first Java project, a package, a Java class and you ran this program inside Eclipse. To run the Java program outside of the Eclipse IDE, you need to export it as a JAR file. A JAR file is the standard distribution format for Java applications. Select your project, right-click it and select the Export menu entry. Select JAR file and select the Next button. Select your project and enter the export destination and a name for the JAR file. I named it myprogram.jar. Press The Finish button. This creates a JAR file in your selected output directory. You can use the Ctrl+J shortcut to activate Incremental Find. This allows you to search in the current active editor for a text which is displayed in the status line as depicted by the following screenshot. Repeat Ctrl+J in order to move to the next occurrence of the current search term. The advantage of this search is that no pop-up dialog is opened which blocks other elements in the Eclipse IDE. Content assist is a functionality in Eclipse which allows the developer to get context-sensitive code completion in an editor upon user request. It can be invoked by pressing Ctrl+Space. For example, type syso in the editor of a Java source file and then press Ctrl+Space. This will replace syso with System.out.println(""). If you have a reference to an object, for example, the object person of the type Person and need to see its methods, type person. and press Ctrl+Space. Whenever Eclipse detects a problem, it will underline the problematic text in the editor. Select the underlined text and press Ctrl+1 to see proposals how to solve this problem. This functionality is called Quick Fix. For example, type myBoolean = true; If myBoolean is not yet defined, Eclipse will highlight it as an error. Select the variable and press Ctrl+1. Eclipse will suggest creating a field or local variable. Quick Fix is extremely powerful. For example, it allows you to create new local variables and fields as well as new methods and new classes. Or it can put try/catch statements around your exceptions. It can also assign a statement to a variable and much more. Quick Fix also gives several options for code changes on code which does not contain errors, e.g., it allows you to convert a local variable to a field. package com.vogella.ide.todo; import java.util.Date; public class Todo { private long id; private String summary = ""; private String description = ""; private boolean done = false; private Date dueDate ; } Select Source → Generate Constructor using Fields... to generate a constructor using all fields. Use the Source → Generate Getter and Setter to create getters and setters for all fields. The resulting class should look like the following listing. package com.vogella.ide.todo; import java.util.Date; public class Todo { private long id; private String summary = ""; private String description = ""; private boolean done = false; private Date dueDate; public Todo(long id, String summary, String description, boolean done, Date dueDate) { this.id = id; this.summary = summary; this.description = description; this.done = done; this.dueDate = dueDate; } public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } public String getSummary() { return summary; } public void setSummary(String summary) { this.summary = summary; } public String getDescription() { return description; } public void setDescription(String description) { this.description = description; } public boolean isDone() { return done; } public void setDone(boolean done) { this.done = done; } public Date getDueDate() { return dueDate; } public void setDueDate(Date dueDate) { this.dueDate = new Date(dueDate.getTime()); } } Use Eclipse to generate a toString() method for the Todo class based on the id and summary field. This can be done via the Eclipse menu Source → Generate toString().... Also use Eclipse to generate a hashCode() and equals() method based on the id field. This can be done via the Eclipse menu Source → Generate hashCode() and equals().... Eclipse supports several refactoring activities, for example, renaming or moving. For example, to use the Rename refactoring, you can right-click on your class (in the editor or Package Explorer) and select Refactor → Rename to rename your class. Eclipse will make sure that all calls in your Workspace to your class or method are renamed. The following screenshot shows how to call the Rename refactoring for a class. The cursor is positioned on the class and the context menu is activated via a right-click on the class. The most important refactorings are listed in the following table. A useful refactoring is to mark code and create a method from the selected code. To use this in this exercise, mark the coding of the "for" loop, right click on the selection and select Refactoring → Extract Method. Use calculateSum as the name of the new method. After this refactoring the class should look like the following code. package de.vogella.eclipse.ide.first; public class MyFirstClass { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello Eclipse!"); int sum = 0; sum = calculateSum(sum); System.out.println(sum); } private static int calculateSum(int sum) { for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { sum += i; } return sum ; } } You can also extract strings and create constants based on the strings. Mark for this example the "Hello Eclipse!" string in your source code, right-click on it and select Refactor → Extract Constant. Name your new constant HELLO. The string is now defined as a constant. package de.vogella.eclipse.ide.first; public class MyFirstClass { private static final String HELLO = "Hello Eclipse!"; public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(HELLO); int sum = 0; sum = calculateSum(sum); System.out.println(sum); } private static int calculateSum(int sum) { for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) { sum += i; } return sum ; } } You can define in Eclipse that a project is dependent on another project. To do this select your project, right-click on it and select Properties. Select Java Build Path and the Projects tab. If you add a project to the build path of another project, you can use its classes in Eclipse. This only works within Eclipse; outside of it you need to create Java libraries for the projects and add them to the classpath of your Java application. If the libraries should be distributed with your project, you can store the JAR files directly in your project. For example, you can create a new Java project de.vogella.eclipse.ide.jars. Then create a new folder called lib by right-clicking on your project and selecting New → Folder. From the menu select File → Import → General → File System. Select the Java library you want to import and select the lib folder as target. Alternatively, just copy and paste the jar file into the lib folder. You can add this library to your classpath, right-click on the JAR file and select Build Path → Add to Build Path. To manage your classpath, right-click on your project and select Properties. Under Java Build Path → Libraries select the Add JARs button. The following example shows how the result would look like if the junit-4.4.jar file had been added to the project. After adding it to the classpath, Eclipse allows you to use the classes contained in the JAR file in the project . Outside Eclipse you still need to configure your classpath, e.g., via the MANIFEST.MF file. You can open any class by positioning the cursor on the class in an editor and pressing F3. Alternatively, you can press Ctrl+Shift+T. This will show a dialog in which you can enter the class name to open it. If the source code is not available, the editor will show the bytecode of that class. This happens, for example, if you open a class from a the standard Java library without attaching the source code to it. To see the source code of such a class, you can attach a source archive or source folder to a Java library. Afterwards, the editor shows the source instead of the bytecode. Attaching the source code to a library also allows you to debug this source code. The Source Attachment dialog can be reached in the Java Build Path page of a project. To open this page, right-click on a project and select Properties → Java Build Path. On the Libraries tab, expand the library's node, select the Source Attachment attribute and click the Edit button. In the Location path field, enter the path of an archive or a folder containing the source. The following screenshot shows this setting for the standard Java library. If you have the Java Development Kit (JDK) installed, you should find the source in the JDK installation folder. The file is typically called src.zip. The Eclipse IDE contains a software component called Update Manager which allows you to install and update software components. Installable software components are called features and consist of plug-ins. These features are contained in so-called update sites or software sites. An update site contains installable software components and additional configuration files. It can be located in various places, e.g., on a web server or on the local filesystem. The configuration files provide aggregated information about the software components in the update site. The update functionality in Eclipse uses this information to determine which software components are available in which version. This allows the Eclipse update functionality to download only components which are new or updated. To update your Eclipse installation, select Help → Check for Updates. The system searches for updates of the already installed software components. If it finds updated components, it will ask you to approve the update. To install a new functionality, select Help → Install New Software.... From the Work with list, select or enter a URL from which you would like to install new software components. Entering a new URL adds this URL automatically to the list of available update sites. To explicitly add a new update site, press the Add... button and enter the new URL as well as a name for the new update site. The following update sites contain the official Eclipse components. # Eclipse 4.4 (Luna release) http://download.eclipse.org/releases/luna # Eclipse 4.3 (Kepler release) http://download.eclipse.org/releases/kepler If you select a valid update site, Eclipse allows you to install the available components. Check the components which you want to install. If you can't find a certain component, uncheck the Group items by category checkbox because not all available plug-ins are categorized. If they are not categorized, they will not be displayed, unless the grouping is disabled. Eclipse also contains a client which allows installing software components from the Eclipse Marketplace client. The advantage of this client is that you can search for components, discover popular extensions and see descriptions and ratings. Compared to the update manager, you do not have to know the URL for the software site which contains the installable software components. Not all Eclipse distributions contain the Marketplace client by default. You may need to install the Marketplace client software component into Eclipse before you can use it. The following screenshot shows how to install it from one of the official Eclipse update sites. To open the Eclipse Marketplace, select Help → Eclipse Marketplace. You can use the Find box to search for components. Pressing the Install button starts the installation process. Eclipse plug-ins are distributed as jar files. If you want to use an Eclipse plug-in directly or do not know the update site for it, you can place it in the dropins folder of your Eclipse installation directory. Eclipse monitors this directory and during a (re-)start of your IDE, the Eclipse update manager installs and removes plug-in based on the files contained in this directory. You should not modify the content of the Eclipse plugins directory directly. If you want to install plug-ins, put them into the dropins folder. If you want to remove it, delete the JAR from this folder. Plug-ins are typically distributed as jar files. To add a plug-in to your Eclipse installation, put the plug-in .jar file into the Eclipse dropins folder and restart Eclipse. Eclipse should detect the new plug-in and install it for you. If you remove plug-ins from the dropins folder and restart Eclipse, these plug-ins are automatically removed from your Eclipse installation. Eclipse allows you to export a file which describes the installed Eclipse components. During the export the user can select which components should be included into this description file. Other users can import this description file into their Eclipse installation and install the components based on this file. This way, Eclipse installation can be kept in sync with each other. To export a description file, select File → Export → Install → Installed Software Items to File and select the components which should be included in your description file. To install the described components in another Eclipse installation, open the exported file with File → Import → Install → Install Software Items from File and follow the wizard. The wizard allows you to specify the components which should be installed. The Eclipse update manager has a component called director which allows you to install new features via the command line. For example, the following command will install the components EGit, Mylyn and EMF into an Eclipse instance. You need to start this command in the command line and it assumes that you are in a directory which contains your Eclipse installation in a folder called eclipse. eclipse/eclipse \\ -application org.eclipse.equinox.p2.director \\ -noSplash \\ -repository \\ http://download.eclipse.org/releases/luna \\ -installIUs \\ org.eclipse.egit.feature.group,\\ org.eclipse.jgit.feature.group,\\ org.eclipse.emf.sdk.feature.group,\\ org.eclipse.mylyn_feature.feature.group,\\ org.eclipse.wst.xml_ui.feature.feature.group,\\ org.eclipse.mylyn.java_feature.feature.group,\\ org.eclipse.mylyn.pde_feature.feature.group The feature names which you need for this operation can be seen on the second page of the standard installation dialog of the Eclipse update manager. The behavior of the Eclipse IDE can be controlled via key value pairs stores as preference settings. Each Eclipse software component can define such perferences and use the values to configure itself. This allows you for example to configure how long the Eclipse waits before the code completion or if the import statements in your source code should be automatically adjusted if you save your source code. Which preferences are key values stored on the file system, the Eclipse IDE allows the user to configure most of these values via the preference dialog. Eclipse can make typing more efficient by placing semicolons at the correct position in your source code. In the Preference setting select Java → Editor → Typing. In the Automatically insert at correct position selection enable the Semicolons checkbox. Afterwards, you can type a semicolon in the middle of your code and Eclipse will position it at the end of the current statement. Eclipse can format your source code and organize your import statements automatically on each save of the Java editor. This is useful as the Save (shortcut: Ctrl+S) is easy to reach. You can find this setting under Java → Editor → Save Actions. Import statements will only be automatically created if Eclipse finds only one valid import. If Eclipse determines more than one valid import, it will not add import statements automatically. In this case you still need to right-click in your editor and select Source → Organize Imports (shortcut: Shift+Ctrl+O). Eclipse can override existing method calls, in case you trigger a code completion in an existing statement. Eclipse can also try to guess the correct actual parameters for a method call. With the first setting you can override methods in the middle of a statement via the Ctrl+Space code assists shortcut. Without this setting you would get the following result, which results in a syntax error. With this setting you get the following result. The Eclipse IDE is set conservative to give a code completion proposal after a delay of 200ms. On modern machines a good default is 50ms. Change Auto activation delay (ms) value to 50 under Window → Preferences → Java → Editor → Content Assists. The Eclipse IDE is configured to give you automatic code completion suggestion only after the . sign. Typically you want to have code completion on every character. Open again the Window → Preferences → Java → Editor → Content Assists preference setting and enter .abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ in the Auto activation trigger for Java. Eclipse allows you to start an application via the Run button in the menu or via the Ctrl+F11 shortcut. By default, Eclipse determines if the currently selected file is executable and try to start that. This is sometimes confusing. You can configure the Eclipse IDE to always start the last started program. To configure this, select Window → Preferences → Run/Debug → Launching and define that the previous launched application should always be launched. The Editors which are available to open a file can be configured via Window → Preferences → General → Editors → File Associations. The Default button in this preference dialog allows you to set the default editor for a certain file extension, e.g., this is the editor which will be used by default if you open a new file with this extension. The other configured editors can be selected if you right-click on a file and select Open With In the sub-menu you see the available editors. The available editors depend on your Eclipse installation. Eclipse will remember the last editor you used to open a file and use this editor again the next time you open the file. You can export your preference settings from one workspace via File → Export → General → Preferences. Eclipse does allow you to export some preference settings separately, but for most of them you have to select the Export all flag. Similarly, you can import them again into another workspace via File → Import → General → Preferences. Eclipse allows you also to specify the rules for the code formatter. These rules are used by Eclipse to format your source code. This allows you, for example, to define the settings for the usage of whitespace or for line wrapping. You find the settings under Window → Preferences → Java → Code Style → Formatter. Press the New button to create a new set of formatting rules or press the Edit button to adjust an exising profile. Eclipse can generate source code automatically. In several cases comments are added to the source code. Select Window → Preferences → Java → Code Style → Code Templates to change the code-generation templates. In the code tree you have the templates. Select, for example, Code → Method Body and press the Edit button to edit this template and to remove the "todo" comment. Your Eclipse installation contains a file called eclipse.ini which allows you to configure the memory parameters for the Java virtual machine which runs the Eclipse IDE. For example, the -Xmx parameter can be used to define how large the Java heap size can get. -Xms defines the initial heap size of the Java virtual machine. The following listing shows an example eclipse.ini file. The parameters after -vmargs configure the Java virtual machine. On a modern machine (with at least 8 Gigabyte available memory) assigning 2024 MB or more to the Java virtual machine is a good practice to run Eclipse faster. -startup plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.3.0.v20120522-1813.jar --launcher.library plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.gtk.linux.x86_64_1.1.200.v20120913-144807 -showsplash org.eclipse.platform --launcher.XXMaxPermSize 256m --launcher.defaultAction openFile -vmargs -Xms512m -Xmx2024m -XX:+UseParallelGC You can in additional also turn of class verification in the JVM. This avoids that the JVM checks if the class data which are loaded is not corrupt or invalid. This check is only really important if byte code in manipulated and adds 10-20% additional startup time. To disable this check add the -Xverify:none option option on your JVM. Note These options can also be specified per invocation of the Eclipse IDE, e.g., for desktop shortcuts. For example to start Eclipse with 2GB of memory, use the following command line: ./eclipse -vmargs -Xmx2024m. For example, if you want to start Eclipse under Microsoft Windows using the c:\\temp directory as workspace, you can start Eclipse via the following command from the command line. The Eclipse help system is available from within your Eclipse installation as well as online. With your running Eclipse IDE you can access the online help via Help → Help Contents. This will start a new window which shows you the help topics for your currently installed components. You find the online help for the current release of the Eclipse IDE under the following URL: Eclipse online help. The online help is version-dependent and contains the help for all Eclipse projects of the simultaneous release. The Eclipse webpage also contains a list of relevant resources about Eclipse and Eclipse programming. You find these resources under the following link: Eclipse resources and Eclipse corner wiki . You also find lots of tutorials about the usage of the Eclipse IDE from the vogella GmbH on the following webpage: vogella Eclipse IDE tutorials . Information about Eclipse plug-in and RCP development from the vogella GmbH can be found on the following webpage: Eclipse Plug-in and RCP tutorials . Tip Most Eclipse projects receive lots of bug and feature requests. So if you want something fixed or enhanced you may have to provide a Gerrit review for it. If the Eclipse developer sees that you try to fix the problem yourself, you typically receive more support from them.
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